Trigger Finger
What is Trigger Finger?
Trigger finger is a condition where a finger or thumb catches or locks when bent toward the palm, causing pain and discomfort.
Causes of Trigger Finger
Trigger finger occurs when the tunnel through which a tendon passes becomes thickened, causing the tendon to catch. This issue can lead to pain and difficulty moving the finger. People with diabetes, especially those who are insulin-dependent, are more prone to trigger finger, although many affected individuals don't have diabetes. The condition can sometimes be triggered by an injury to the hand, such as a blow. While repetitive work activities are not usually the direct cause, actions like gripping or forceful hand movements can worsen symptoms. In some cases, tendon nodules due to rheumatoid arthritis can contribute to the condition.
Risk Factors for Trigger Finger
Trigger finger is most common in individuals between 40 and 60 years of age. Certain activities and health conditions can increase the risk of developing this condition, including:
- Activities with repetitive hand use: Farming, gardening, industrial work, using tools, playing musical instruments, and racket sports (e.g., tennis or pickleball).
- Health conditions: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, diabetes, amyloidosis, and thyroid disease.
Symptoms of Trigger Finger
Common symptoms of trigger finger include:
- Pain in the palm, typically at the middle joint of the thumb or at the base of the affected finger.
- Tenderness when pressing on the painful area.
- A clicking sensation or the finger locking in a bent position, often more noticeable in the morning. The finger may need to be manually straightened.
- Stiffness, especially in the thumb, where movement at the end joint may be restricted.
Diagnosing Trigger Finger
A healthcare provider can often diagnose trigger finger by reviewing your symptoms and examining your hand. Typically, no additional tests like X-rays are required. During the examination, the doctor will check for:
- Tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath in the palm
- Swelling or thickening at the base of the finger or thumb
- A clicking or catching sensation when the finger or thumb is moved
Treatment for Trigger Finger
While trigger finger can be painful, it is usually not a serious condition and can be managed with various treatments. Some mild cases may resolve on their own within a few weeks. Treatment options include:
- Rest and avoiding aggravating activities: Reducing activities that worsen pain can be helpful.
- Splinting: A splint that holds the finger or thumb straight while sleeping can help. This can be custom-made by a hand therapist or even a temporary solution using household materials.
- Steroid injections: Injections can reduce pain and swelling in about 70% of cases, although the success rate is lower for people with diabetes. Results can be seen within days to weeks. A second injection may be necessary, but surgery might be needed if symptoms persist.
- Percutaneous release: This procedure uses a needle to release the tight tendon tunnel under local anesthesia. It’s a less invasive option but may not be suitable for all cases.
- Surgical decompression: If nonsurgical treatments don't work, surgery may be required. Under local or regional anesthesia, a small incision is made to widen the tendon tunnel, relieving the pressure. Recovery is usually quick, with minimal discomfort and a low chance of recurrence.
Outlook
The duration of symptoms depends on the severity and which fingers are affected. For some, nonsurgical treatments can restore function in a few weeks to months. Your healthcare provider can guide you on what to expect and how long treatment may take.
Preventing Trigger Finger
To reduce the risk of developing trigger finger, it’s important to avoid overuse of your hands, fingers, and thumbs. Consider the following strategies:
- Learn the proper techniques for any sports or activities that involve hand use.
- Gradually increase the intensity of exercises to prevent strain.
- Take regular breaks when performing repetitive tasks to rest your hands and fingers.
By following these precautions, you can help prevent the onset of trigger finger and reduce the risk of aggravating symptoms.
Further information
Last updated07 Aug 2025