Degenerative Meniscus Tear
What is a Degenerative Meniscus Tear?
A degenerative meniscus tear is a gradual breakdown of the meniscus, a C-shaped cartilage in the knee that cushions and stabilizes the joint. Unlike acute meniscus tears, which are caused by sudden injuries, degenerative tears develop over time due to wear and tear, making them more common in middle-aged and older adults.
Causes of Degenerative Meniscus Tears
These tears occur due to the natural aging process and repetitive stress on the knee joint. Common causes include:
- Cartilage weakening due to age-related changes.
- Repetitive knee movements such as bending, squatting, or twisting.
- Osteoarthritis, which gradually wears down the meniscus.
- Reduced blood supply, limiting the meniscus’s ability to heal.
- Minor injuries that worsen over time due to weakened cartilage.
Symptoms of a Degenerative Meniscus Tear
Symptoms may develop gradually and can include:
- Knee pain, especially when moving or bearing weight.
- Swelling and stiffness, often worsening after activity.
- Clicking, locking, or catching sensations in the knee.
- Reduced range of motion, making it difficult to bend or straighten the knee.
- Knee weakness or instability, leading to difficulty walking.
Risk Factors for Degenerative Meniscus Tears
Certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition:
- Age over 40, as the meniscus naturally weakens over time.
- Osteoarthritis, which contributes to cartilage degeneration.
- Repetitive knee strain from sports, work, or daily activities.
- Obesity, which increases stress on the knee joint.
- Previous knee injuries, which can weaken the meniscus.
Diagnosis of a Degenerative Meniscus Tear
A healthcare provider will assess symptoms and perform a physical examination, which may include:
- Joint movement tests to check for pain, swelling, and mobility.
- X-rays to rule out arthritis or bone-related conditions.
- MRI scans to provide a detailed image of the meniscus and surrounding structures.
Treatment for Degenerative Meniscus Tears
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may include:
Non-Surgical Treatment
Non-Surgical Treatment
- Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE) to reduce swelling and pain.
- Pain management with over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
- Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve joint stability.
- Activity modification to avoid movements that worsen symptoms.
- Knee bracing for additional support.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is considered when conservative treatments fail:
- Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, where damaged meniscus tissue is trimmed.
- Meniscus repair, in select cases where the tear is in a repairable area.
- Knee replacement surgery, if severe osteoarthritis is present.
Prevention of Degenerative Meniscus Tears
While not all tears can be prevented, the following steps may help reduce risk:
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knees.
- Strengthen leg muscles through regular exercise.
- Engage in low-impact activities such as swimming or cycling.
- Use proper techniques when squatting, bending, or lifting.
- Wear supportive footwear to improve knee alignment.
Outlook for Degenerative Meniscus Tears
The prognosis varies based on the severity of the tear and treatment approach. Many individuals find relief with non-surgical management, while others may require surgical intervention. With proper care, most people can return to daily activities with reduced pain and improved function.
If you experience persistent knee pain or mobility issues, consult a healthcare professional for an evaluation and personalized treatment plan.
Further information
Last updated29 Apr 2025