Plantar Fasciitis
What is Plantar Fasciitis?
Plantar fasciitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes. It is one of the most common causes of heel pain and can occur in people of all activity levels. While it often resolves over time, various treatments can help speed up recovery.
What is the Plantar Fascia?
The plantar fascia is a strong, fibrous band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot and acts as a shock absorber. When this tissue is overstressed or strained, small tears and inflammation can develop, leading to pain and discomfort.
Causes of Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is primarily caused by repetitive stress or excessive strain on the plantar fascia. Common causes include:
- Overuse from prolonged standing, walking, or running, especially on hard surfaces.
- A sudden increase in physical activity or a change in workout surface.
- Wearing unsupportive footwear, such as shoes with poor arch support or cushioning.
- Being overweight, which puts additional pressure on the foot.
- Tight calf muscles or Achilles tendons, which can affect foot mechanics.
- Foot structure issues, such as flat feet or high arches, which alter weight distribution.
Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis
Certain factors may increase the risk of developing plantar fasciitis, including:
- Age: More common in individuals between 40-60 years old.
- Exercise habits: Runners, dancers, and those who engage in high-impact sports are at a higher risk.
- Occupation: Jobs that require prolonged standing or walking, such as teaching or factory work, can contribute to the condition.
- Foot mechanics: Abnormal foot arch structure, either too high or too flat, can lead to plantar fascia strain.
Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis
The most common symptom is heel pain, which typically:
- Feels sharp or stabbing, especially with the first steps in the morning or after rest.
- Improves slightly with movement but worsens after prolonged activity.
- Is localized near the heel but can radiate along the foot arch.
- Can cause limping or discomfort during daily activities.
Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis
Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis
A healthcare professional can usually diagnose plantar fasciitis based on medical history and a physical exam. Key diagnostic methods include:
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• Physical examination: Checking for tenderness in the heel and evaluating foot flexibility.
• Imaging tests: X-rays may be used to rule out other conditions such as stress fractures, while ultrasound can confirm thickening of the plantar fascia
Management of Plantar Fasciitis
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment
Medical and Surgical Interventions
Most cases improve with conservative treatments, which include:
- Rest: Reducing activities that strain the foot.
- Footwear modifications: Wearing supportive shoes with cushioned soles and arch support.
- Orthotic inserts: Custom or over-the-counter shoe inserts to reduce pressure on the plantar fascia.
- Pain relief: Using ice therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or topical pain relievers.
- Stretching exercises: Regular stretching of the calf muscles, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia to improve flexibility and reduce strain.
- Night splints: Wearing a splint at night to keep the foot in a stretched position and reduce morning pain.
Medical and Surgical Interventions
If symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, additional options may include:
- Corticosteroid injections: May provide temporary relief by reducing inflammation.
- Shock wave therapy: High-energy sound waves applied to the affected area to promote healing.
- Surgery: Rarely required, but a plantar fascia release procedure may be considered in severe cases.
Prevention of Plantar Fasciitis
To reduce the risk of developing plantar fasciitis, consider the following:
- Wearing well-cushioned and supportive footwear.
- Maintaining a healthy weight to minimize foot strain.
- Incorporating regular stretching exercises for the feet and calves.
- Avoiding sudden increases in exercise intensity.
- Using orthotic supports if you have high arches or flat feet.
Outcome for Plantar Fasciitis
With appropriate treatment, most people recover from plantar fasciitis within 6-12 months. Early intervention and proper management can significantly reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence. If you experience persistent heel pain, consult a healthcare professional for a tailored treatment plan.
Further information
Last updated07 Aug 2025