Foot and Ankle Tendinopathies

• Achilles Tendinopathy – affecting the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.
• Posterior Tibial Tendinopathy – involving the tendon responsible for supporting the arch of the foot.
• Peroneal Tendinopathy – affecting the tendons along the outer ankle.
• Flexor and Extensor Tendinopathies – involving the tendons that control toe movement.

• Overuse from repetitive activities such as running, jumping, or prolonged standing.
• Poor footwear that lacks proper support or cushioning.
• Sudden increases in physical activity without adequate conditioning.
• Biomechanical issues such as flat feet or high arches that alter tendon function.
• Tight calf muscles or Achilles tendons, placing increased strain on foot tendons.
• Previous injuries that weaken tendon structures and increase susceptibility to damage.

• Pain and tenderness in the affected area, which may worsen with activity.
• Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of rest.
• Swelling or thickening of the tendon.
• A feeling of weakness or instability in the foot or ankle.
• In more advanced cases, difficulty walking or standing for extended periods.

• Clinical Examination: Assessing pain, swelling, range of motion, and functional movement.
• Ultrasound or MRI: Imaging studies to evaluate tendon thickness, tears, or degeneration.
• X-rays: Used to rule out other conditions such as fractures or arthritis.

• Rest and Activity Modification: Reducing activities that exacerbate symptoms.
• Footwear and Orthotics: Supportive shoes and custom insoles to improve foot biomechanics.
• Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises for the affected tendon.
• Pain Management: Ice therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or topical pain relievers.
• Bracing or Taping: Providing additional support and stability to the affected tendon.

Advanced Treatments

• Shock Wave Therapy: High-energy sound waves applied to stimulate healing.
• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: Used to promote tissue repair in chronic cases.
• Corticosteroid Injections: May provide temporary relief but are generally avoided due to potential tendon weakening.

Surgical Intervention

Surgery is considered only if conservative treatments fail and involves:

• Tendon Debridement: Removing damaged tissue to promote healing.
• Tendon Repair or Reconstruction: In severe cases where the tendon is significantly damaged.

• Wearing supportive footwear appropriate for your activity level.
• Gradually increasing exercise intensity to prevent overuse injuries.
• Incorporating regular stretching and strengthening exercises for foot and ankle muscles.
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on tendons.
• Using orthotics if you have biomechanical foot issues.